Module chrono::format::strftime [−] [src]

strftime/strptime-inspired date and time formatting syntax.

Specifiers

The following specifiers are available both to formatting and parsing.

Spec. Example Description
DATE SPECIFIERS:
%Y 2001 The full proleptic Gregorian year, zero-padded to 4 digits. [1]
%C 20 The proleptic Gregorian year divided by 100, zero-padded to 2 digits. [2]
%y 01 The proleptic Gregorian year modulo 100, zero-padded to 2 digits. [2]
%m 07 Month number (01--12), zero-padded to 2 digits.
%b Jul Abbreviated month name. Always 3 letters.
%B July Full month name. Also accepts corresponding abbreviation in parsing.
%h Jul Same to %b.
%d 08 Day number (01--31), zero-padded to 2 digits.
%e 8 Same to %d but space-padded. Same to %_d.
%a Sun Abbreviated weekday name. Always 3 letters.
%A Sunday Full weekday name. Also accepts corresponding abbreviation in parsing.
%w 0 Sunday = 0, Monday = 1, ..., Saturday = 6.
%u 7 Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, ..., Sunday = 7. (ISO 8601)
%U 28 Week number starting with Sunday (00--53), zero-padded to 2 digits. [3]
%W 27 Same to %U, but week 1 starts with the first Monday in that year instead.
%G 2001 Same to %Y but uses the year number in ISO 8601 week date. [4]
%g 01 Same to %y but uses the year number in ISO 8601 week date. [4]
%V 27 Same to %U but uses the week number in ISO 8601 week date (01--53). [4]
%j 189 Day of the year (001--366), zero-padded to 3 digits.
%D 07/08/01 Month-day-year format. Same to %m/%d/%y.
%x 07/08/01 Same to %D.
%F 2001-07-08 Year-month-day format (ISO 8601). Same to %Y-%m-%d.
%v 8-Jul-2001 Day-month-year format. Same to %e-%b-%Y.
TIME SPECIFIERS:
%H 00 Hour number (00--23), zero-padded to 2 digits.
%k 0 Same to %H but space-padded. Same to %_H.
%I 12 Hour number in 12-hour clocks (01--12), zero-padded to 2 digits.
%l 12 Same to %I but space-padded. Same to %_I.
%P am am or pm in 12-hour clocks.
%p AM AM or PM in 12-hour clocks.
%M 34 Minute number (00--59), zero-padded to 2 digits.
%S 60 Second number (00--60), zero-padded to 2 digits. [5]
%f 026490000 The fractional seconds (in nanoseconds) since last whole second. [8]
%.f .026490 Similar to .%f but left-aligned. [8]
%.3f .026 Similar to .%f but left-aligned but fixed to a length of 3. [8]
%.6f .026490 Similar to .%f but left-aligned but fixed to a length of 6. [8]
%.9f .026490000 Similar to .%f but left-aligned but fixed to a length of 9. [8]
%R 00:34 Hour-minute format. Same to %H:%M.
%T 00:34:60 Hour-minute-second format. Same to %H:%M:%S.
%X 00:34:60 Same to %T.
%r 12:34:60 AM Hour-minute-second format in 12-hour clocks. Same to %I:%M:%S %p.
TIME ZONE SPECIFIERS:
%Z ACST Formatting only: Local time zone name.
%z +0930 Offset from the local time to UTC (with UTC being +0000).
%:z +09:30 Same to %z but with a colon.
DATE & TIME SPECIFIERS:
%c Sun Jul 8 00:34:60 2001 ctime date & time format. Same to %a %b %e %T %Y sans \n.
%+ 2001-07-08T00:34:60.026490+09:30 ISO 8601 / RFC 3339 date & time format. [6]
%s 994518299 UNIX timestamp, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00 UTC. [7]
SPECIAL SPECIFIERS:
%t Literal tab (\t).
%n Literal newline (\n).
%% Literal percent sign.

It is possible to override the default padding behavior of numeric specifiers %?. This is not allowed for other specifiers and will result in the BAD_FORMAT error.

Modifier Description
%-? Suppresses any padding including spaces and zeroes. (e.g. %j = 012, %-j = 12)
%_? Uses spaces as a padding. (e.g. %j = 012, %_j = 12)
%0? Uses zeroes as a padding. (e.g. %e = 9, %0e = 09)

Notes:

  1. %Y: Negative years are allowed in formatting but not in parsing.

  2. %C, %y: This is floor division, so 100 BCE (year number -99) will print -1 and 99 respectively.

  3. %U: Week 1 starts with the first Sunday in that year. It is possible to have week 0 for days before the first Sunday.

  4. %G, %g, %V: Week 1 is the first week with at least 4 days in that year. Week 0 does not exist, so this should be used with %G or %g.

  5. %S: It accounts for leap seconds, so 60 is possible.

  6. %+: Same to %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f%:z, i.e. 0, 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits for seconds and colons in the time zone offset.

    The typical strftime implementations have different (and locale-dependent) formats for this specifier. While Chrono's format for %+ is far more stable, it is best to avoid this specifier if you want to control the exact output.

  7. %s: This is not padded and can be negative. For the purpose of Chrono, it only accounts for non-leap seconds so it slightly differs from ISO C strftime behavior.

  8. %f, %.f, %.3f, %.6f, %.9f:

    The default %f is right-aligned and always zero-padded to 9 digits for the compatibility with glibc and others, so it always counts the number of nanoseconds since the last whole second. E.g. 7ms after the last second will print 007000000, and parsing 7000000 will yield the same.

    The variant %.f is left-aligned and print 0, 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits according to the precision. E.g. 70ms after the last second under %.f will print .070 (note: not .07), and parsing .07, .070000 etc. will yield the same. Note that they can print or read nothing if the fractional part is zero or the next character is not ..

    The variant %.3f, %.6f and %.9f are left-aligned and print 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits according to the number preceding f. E.g. 70ms after the last second under %.3f will print .070 (note: not .07), and parsing .07, .070000 etc. will yield the same. Note that they can read nothing if the fractional part is zero or the next character is not . however will print with the specified length.

Structs

StrftimeItems

Parsing iterator for strftime-like format strings.